Hamer v. Livanova Deustschland GMBH, ____ F.3d ___ (3d Cir. 2021). This appeal involved one of many cases comprising MDL 2816, which is venued in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania. The MDL consolidated cases in which plaintiffs allegedly contracted an infection called a non-tuberculosis mycobacterium (“NTM”), after having had surgery using defendant’s 3T Heater-Cooler system. The MDL court entered a case management order that required each plaintiff to demonstrate “proof of NTM infection” through “positive bacterial culture...